Angora goats are a distinctive breed renowned for their production of mohair, a luxurious and durable fiber prized in the textile industry. Originating from the ancient region of Angora, now Ankara in Turkey, these goats have a rich history that dates back to biblical times. Their unique characteristics and gentle disposition make them a valuable asset for farmers and fiber enthusiasts alike.
Historical Background
The lineage of Angora goats traces back to Asia Minor, where they were selectively bred for their superior fiber quality. Historical records suggest that mohair was utilized as far back as the time of Moses. Despite early attempts to introduce them to Europe in the 18th century, significant success in breeding and mohair production was achieved only after their establishment in South Africa in the 19th century. The breed later made its way to the United States, where Texas and the Southwest became central hubs for the American mohair industry.
Physical Characteristics
Angora goats are generally smaller than other domestic goat breeds. Both males and females typically have horns, and they possess long, drooping ears. Their most distinctive feature is their silky, lustrous coat, which grows in long ringlets. While the traditional color is white, selective breeding has produced Angoras in various hues, including black, brown, and gray. This diversity in coloration has expanded the appeal of mohair in different textile applications.
Mohair Production
Mohair, derived exclusively from Angora goats, is celebrated for its sheen, durability, and dyeing affinity. Unlike wool, mohair fibers are smooth, reducing skin irritation and making them ideal for high-quality garments. Angora goats are typically shorn twice a year, yielding an average of 10.6 pounds of mohair annually per adult goat. The fiber’s diameter increases with the goat’s age, with younger goats producing finer mohair suitable for premium textiles, while coarser fibers from older goats are utilized in products like upholstery.
Temperament and Care
Known for their docile and friendly nature, Angora goats are relatively easy to manage. However, their dense coats require regular maintenance to prevent matting and to monitor for external parasites. Due to their high fiber production, they have specific nutritional needs to maintain optimal health and mohair quality. Ensuring a balanced diet rich in protein and minerals is essential for sustaining their energy levels and fiber growth.
Global Distribution
Today, Angora goats are raised worldwide, with significant populations in the United States, South Africa, and Turkey. These countries have established robust mohair industries, with Texas being a notable center in the U.S. The adaptability of Angora goats to various climates has facilitated their spread to different regions, contributing to the global availability of mohair.
Conclusion
Angora goats play a pivotal role in the production of mohair, a fiber esteemed for its exceptional qualities. Their rich history, unique physical attributes, and gentle temperament make them a cherished breed among farmers and fiber artisans. As the demand for natural and luxurious fibers continues to grow, Angora goats remain integral to sustainable and high-quality textile production.
